Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Prevention, and What You Need to Know

Dengue Fever Alert: How to Protect Yourself and Recognise the Signs

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti. These mosquitoes thrive in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, making dengue a significant public health concern in over 100 countries, including parts of Asia, the Americas, Africa, and the Caribbean.

What Causes Dengue Fever?

Dengue is caused by four related viruses: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. A person can be infected with each virus up to four times in their lifetime. After an initial infection, partial immunity develops, but subsequent infections with a different virus strain increase the risk of severe dengue, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Symptoms typically appear 4-10 days after the bite of an infected mosquito and can last between 2-7 days. Common symptoms include:

• High fever (104°F/40°C)

• Severe headaches

• Pain behind the eyes

• Joint, muscle, and bone pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Rash

• Mild bleeding (such as nosebleeds or gum bleeding)

  
  

In some cases, dengue can progress to severe dengue, which is a medical emergency characterized by severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding gums, blood in vomit or stool, fatigue, restlessness, and a drop in blood pressure. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Dengue is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing, such as blood tests to detect the virus or antibodies. There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever. Management focuses on relieving symptoms. This includes using pain relievers such as Panadol/Paracetamol/Acetaminophen (avoid aspirin or ibuprofen, as they may increase bleeding risk), maintaining adequate hydration, and close monitoring for signs of severe dengue.

For those with severe dengue, hospitalization may be necessary for fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and intensive care.

Prevention: The Best Strategy

Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to reduce the risk of dengue infection. Key strategies include:

• Use of Mosquito Repellents: Apply repellents containing DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or IR3535 to exposed skin.

• Wear Protective Clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, especially during peak mosquito activity times (early morning and late afternoon).

• Use of Mosquito Nets: Sleep under insecticide-treated mosquito nets, especially in dengue-endemic areas.

• Eliminate Mosquito Breeding Sites: Regularly empty or cover containers that hold water, such as buckets, flowerpots, and discarded tires.

  
  

Conclusion

While there is currently no vaccine widely available for dengue, awareness and prevention play critical roles in reducing the spread and impact of this virus. If you live in or travel to a region where dengue is common, take preventive measures seriously and stay informed about outbreaks. If you experience symptoms suggestive of dengue, seek medical attention promptly.

Stay safe and protect yourself from mosquito bites!